Punjab, meaning "Land of Five Rivers" in Persian, is a historical and cultural region in South Asia, spanning parts of modern-day Pakistan and India, primarily known for its fertile agricultural lands along the Indus River's tributaries and vibrant Punjabi culture, including the popular Bhangra dance and rich culinary traditions. The region is predominantly Sikh in India, with a significant Muslim population in Pakistan, and is marked by the Golden Temple in Amritsar, a key Sikh pilgrimage site. Due to its location, Punjab has a long history of political turmoil and migration, most notably the partition of India in 1947 which divided the Punjab region between the two nations.